ABSTRACT
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus may be associated with cognitive decline (CD) in older subjects. Aim: To determine if CD is more common among diabetic subjects that their non-diabetic counterparts. Material and Methods: Using a case-control design, 17 diabetic patients with a median age of 73 years (nine females) and 21 non diabetic subjects with a median age of 72 years (17 females), with a similar educational background, were studied. Cognitive status was assessed using the Mini mental State Examination (MMSE), using a cutoff point of 23, and the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), that evaluated conceptualization, mental flexibility, motor initiative, sensibility to interference, inhibitory control, and environmental autonomy. The presence of any mental or organic cerebral disease, sensorial impairment or illiteracy were considered exclusion criteria. Results: Fifty nine percent of diabetic subjects and 24 percent of their non-diabetic counterparts, had a MMSE below the cutoff point (p = 0.03). An abnormal FAB was found in 29 and 14 percent of diabetic and non-diabetic subjects, respectively (p = NS). Both tests were abnormal in 29 and 5 percent of diabetic and non-diabetic subjects, respectively (p = 0.05). Conclusions: In this group of subjects, CD was more common among diabetics than their non-diabetic counterparts.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , /complications , Cognition Disorders/epidemiology , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Case-Control Studies , Hypertension/epidemiology , Interviews as Topic , Frontal Lobe/pathology , Mental Status Schedule , Neuropsychological Tests , Risk Factors , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Cognition Disorders/diagnosisABSTRACT
La adenosis poliquística esclerosante de la parótida (APEP) es una enfermedad infrecuente, caracterizada por elementos histológicos inflamatorios reactivos de las glándulas salivales, pero la presencia de displasia y atiplas hace también posible pensar se trate de un pseudotumor o una neoplasia. La APEP posee además semejanzas histopatológicas con la enfermedad fibroquística de la mama y comparten receptores de progesterona y estrógenos en las células ductales. La edad promedio de ocurrencia de esta patología es de 44,5 años y generalmente afecta las glándulas salivares mayores. Presentamos aquí el caso clínico de una mujer de 25 años de edad que el año 2002 consultó por un aumento de volumen de la parótida derecha, de larga data. Después de estudios diagnósticos y tratamientos fue intervenida quirúrgicamente y el análisis histopatológico sugirió el diagnóstico APEP.
Sclerosing polycystic adenosis (SPA) of the parotid gland is a rare disease characterized histologically by a reactive inflammation of the salivary glands, although the presence of displasia and atypia raise the possibility that SPA might represent a neoplastic lesion. SPA bears histopathological resemblance to fibrocystic disease of the breast, and both glands show progesterone and oestrogen receptors in the ductal cells. The mean age of occurrence is 44.5 year-old, and it mostly affects major salivary glands. We report the case of a 25-years-old woman, who in 2002 presented with increased volume in the right parotid gland. After medical studies and several surgical treatments, the histopathological study revealed it to be SPA.